Введение #
Слова выделеные курсивом в оригинале Trails to Inmost Asia и, часто, но не всегда объясняемые Рерихом тут же в тексте.
Орфография сохранена. Пропущены имена собственные, например The Monarch, названия, например rGyn-nag-gi kong-ma chen-po, прямая речь, например “Long, long, long!”.
Отсортировано по алфавиту.
Словарь #
| Слово | Объяснение по источнику | Контекст по источнику | Комментарий, синонимы |
|---|---|---|---|
| a-khu | uncle | “uncles,” assistants of King Kesar | dialectical a-gu |
| ail | Mongol encampment | We camped outside the ail | |
| aimak | province | ||
| amban | city magistrate | ||
| amrita | bdüd-rtsi, amrita vase | ||
| aqsaqal | elder | British aqsaqal of Leh | |
| äräki | Chinese brandy | ||
| ärkägün-arghun | Nestorian Christians | Nestorian Christians were known all over central Asia under the name of ärkägün-arghun | или Tarsa |
| asana | low throne | ||
| Ayuting-surgail | Mongol National University | ||
| bagh | garden | large and shady bagh | |
| ba-nag | black tent | Tibetan nomad tent, usually called ba-nag | |
| Bakr-Id | Mohammedan festival of | ||
| bakshish | monks, who impudently clamor for bakshish | ||
| baksha | spiritual teacher | ||
| bakshish | |||
| bar-btsan | middle region | three spheres of the Universe | |
| barun-sang | Tibetan treasury for Mongols | см. tsi-khang | |
| bashi | |||
| bhumisparsha mudra | sign of attestation | His right hand is lowered making the sign of attestation | |
| bKa-blon | minister | ||
| beg | |||
| begs | headmen | cavalcade of begs and headmen accompanied us | |
| beise | hereditary Prince | Chinese title of the fourth grade | Chinese: pei-tzu |
| bichechi | secretary | young bichechi or secretary, read aloud | |
| Bodhi | enlightenment | which is enlightenment in Bön terminology | Byang-chub |
| bum-pa | vase | ||
| bumran | sand storm | buran or sand storms were now of frequent occurrence | |
| bura-yin shata | platform of the trumpet | high wooden platform, from which lamas are summoned by trumpets | |
| burkhan | divine being | mighty brigand chief, incarnation of a powerful demon | |
| caravan-bashi | |||
| cha-ba | tea bricks | ||
| chaikhaneh | restaurant | ||
| chang | country wine | ||
| chang-thang | northern plain | north of which lie the uninhabited Tibetan highlands, the chang-thang proper | |
| chapan | coat | ||
| chaprassis | orderlie | we were greeted by several chaprassis | |
| charuq | soft leather boots | ||
| chih-shih | magistrate | ||
| chökung | burning lamp | ||
| chorten | shrine | ||
| chos-byung | church history | ||
| chos-skyong | oracle | Chö-jin is the Mongol pronunciation of the Tibetan word chos-skyong | |
| cho-ga | worship manuals | ||
| chö-jung | church history | ||
| chura, chu-ra | Tibetan milk cheese | ||
| chu-pön | corporal | ||
| chu-wa | Tibetan broad and long-sleeved coat | ||
| chyi-chyab | High Commissioner | ||
| cintamani | sacred stone | The Buddhist goddess holds the sacred stone or cintamani | |
| communique | official Mongolian communique states that | фр. сообщение | |
| confrerie | confrerie of motor car drivers | фр. братство | |
| cortège | The cortège was followed by forty cavalrymen | фр. шествие | |
| coup d’etat | coup d’etat of Captain Ma | фр. государственный переворот | |
| da-yig | |||
| da-tshang | monastery | R., Tib. gra-tshang | |
| damaru | hand tambourines | used in Tantric services | |
| dharmacakra-mudra | |||
| da-tshang | messenger | син. ya-yeh | |
| da-yig | official letter, “arrow letter” | ||
| darogha | messenger | син. ya-yeh | |
| dastarkhan | feast | ||
| débris | large accumulations of débris | фр., обломки | |
| de-pa | chief | ||
| de-pön | district chief | ruled by a pön-po or chief with the title of de-pön | sde-dpon |
| deb-ther | historical literature, consisting of different chö-jung or deb-ther | ||
| De-wa-shung | Government | answer from the Government or De-wa-shung (sDe-pa gshung) would be received | sDe-pa gshung |
| deresün | Lasiagrostis splendens | ||
| Dharmacakra | Wheel of Law | ||
| dhyani-mudra | meditation | ||
| do-nyer | government agents supervisor in Mongolia | mgron-gñer | |
| dorje | thunderbolt | surmounted by a golden dorje or thunderbolt inlaid with precious stones | |
| dpa-o | soldier | ||
| ‘dre | demon | malignant spirits always bent upon mischief | см. düd |
| du-khang | assembly hall | ||
| düd | demon | malignant spirits always bent upon mischief | см. ‘dre |
| dun-khor | layman | ||
| dung-chen | long or large trumpets | ||
| dugan | cathedral | ||
| dunga | dunga boat | ||
| dzangin | Mongol headman | ||
| dzassak | prince | ||
| dzeren | Mongolian antelope | Antilopea gutturosa | |
| dzo | a crossbreed between a yak and a cow | ||
| dzong | administrative center of a district, fort | Tibetan dzong is the administrative center of a district and not a fortress, as is often recorded | |
| dzong-khas | provincial district in Tibet | he had been dzong-pön or governor in Kong-po | |
| dzong-pön | governor | ||
| dzurachin | Mongol lama painter | ||
| eldurchi | fur maker | ||
| en route | фр. в пути, по дороге | ||
| entrepôt | chief entrepôt of Indian and Afghan trade | фр. склад | |
| gabju | fully-pledged priests | Tib. bka-bcu | |
| gañjira | |||
| ga-u | charm box | ||
| gal-terge | fire-chariot, motor car | passage of several foreigners on two gal-terge | |
| gañjira | roof of the structure is crowned by a gilded gañjira | ||
| garpön | headmen finally agreed to escort us to the Tarkö garpön | ||
| gelong | Conversing one day with a learned Tibetan gelong, he said | ||
| gem-po | headman | ||
| geshe | gray-haired, learned lama | ||
| getsul | novice | см. khuvarak | |
| ghee | offers flower garlands and ghee to the image | ||
| gumai | kind of poisonous grass | ||
| gutul | Mongol boots | large Mongol boots with repand toes | |
| gutulchi | shoemakers | ||
| gyog-klu | abode of Nagas | three spheres of the Universe | |
| gYung-drung | Svastika | ||
| Hsieh-t’ai | Ti-t’ai’s son, who occupied the post of Hsieh-t’ai | ||
| ichigi | fur-lined boots | ||
| jya-lam | highway | ||
| jyal-tsen | white, black religious banner | Tib. rgyal-mtshan | |
| ka-len | official answer | have to await an official answer or ka-len from Lhasa | |
| kalpa | cosmic age | ||
| Kalacakra | Wheel of Time | Kalacakra system or the Wheel of Time | |
| Känjür | Känjür and Tänjür of the Narthang print | ||
| Ka-sha | State Council | ||
| kar-tsi | astronomy | ||
| karma | we received sixteen shos and five karmas | ||
| kang-ling | trumpet | ||
| kemelik | light coat | In summer it is a light coat called kemelik | |
| kharmik | Nitraria scholeri | ||
| khan | They are ruled by a hereditary khan | ||
| khan-po | lama official | considered the nominal abbot of the Shab-den Monastery at Nag-chu | |
| Khara-nom | Black Faith | known as Bön-po faith | |
| khatag | ceremonial scarf | ||
| khe | one khe is approximately five pounds | ||
| khoshun | tribal division | Mongol encampments belonging to the same khoshun | |
| khulan | wild ass | см. kyang | |
| khuvarak | novice | см. getsul | |
| kone-shahr | old ruined sites | ||
| kumuda | right hand holds the stalk of the kumuda flower | ||
| ku-tshap | delegate | sku-tshab | |
| Kug-pa re | Stupidity | ||
| kün-ra | shelf | ||
| küren | important temple in the küren is the Da-ching galba-yin-sümä | ||
| Kusho rimpoche | Precious Sir | ||
| kyang | wild ass | см. khulan | |
| la-les | yes | ||
| labrang | place formerly belonged to the labrang of Tashi-lhun-po | ||
| lakto | yak driver | lakto (Tib. lag-rdo) which literally means “a hand with a stone.” | Tib. lag-rdo |
| lam-yig | itinerary | ||
| lama-la | Venerable Teacher | ||
| lan | change our Indian rupees into Urumchi lans or liangs | ||
| langar | relay station, resthouse | We camped for the night at a lonely langar | |
| lao-ye | Our chief supplier was the former Chinese lao-ye of the fort | ||
| legs-bam | religious book | a purely Buddhist symbol taken over by the Bön-pos | |
| lha | divine being, god | ||
| lha-khang | a small [Buddhist] temple | ||
| lha-ram-pa | doctor of divinity | см. rap-cham-pa | |
| lha-tho | stone altar | ||
| lho-lam | southern highway | ||
| liang | change our Indian rupees into Urumchi lans or liangs | ||
| ling-chi | torture | torture consisting of being cut alive into 10,000 pieces | |
| lo-sar | New Year | ||
| lotsa-wa | translator | ||
| luk-so | custom | Tibetan luk-so or custom was difficult and cruel | |
| lung-ta | prayer flag | ||
| ma-fa | Chinese carriages | we were obliged to hire two Chinese carriages or ma-fa | |
| ma-p’ing | mounted soldier | grade of a mounted soldier or ma-p’ing | |
| mai-han | Chinese tent | tents made of blue cloth | |
| mahasiddha | famous mahasiddha Naropa | ||
| man-dro | don’t go | ||
| mandal | offering | Bogdo Gegen used to receive the mandal | |
| mandala | mystic sphere of influence | mystic sphere of influence of the Kalacakra system | |
| mani | basalt massif with a mani inscription on it | ||
| mani-wall | longest mani-wall of the country | см. men-dong | |
| mazar | tomb | mazar or tomb of a Mohammedan saint | |
| mdo | tantra | tantra, which seems to stand for the Buddhist mdo or sutra | sutra, rgyud |
| men-dong | stone wall | см. mani-walls | |
| miao | Chinese temple | ||
| ming-bashi | private house of the local ming-bashi | ||
| ming-öi | cave temple | ||
| mi-ser | peasants, subjects | ||
| motif | other motifs of Tibetan religious ornamentation | ||
| mu-ch’ang | carpenter | ||
| mudra | sign | ||
| mukuta | diadem | ||
| Naga | gyog-klu, the abode of Nagas | ||
| nam-thar | life story, legend | life story or nam-thar of Je-tsün Milarepa | |
| nang-so | Civil Governor | ||
| nimdah | felt | finely designed nimdah | |
| ngag-pas | Tantric lama | Tantric lamas or ngag-pas of the Yellow Hat sect | |
| ngü-sang | price of which was about twenty-five ngü-sangs each | ||
| Noyon | Prince | big Noyon or Prince who had come from China | |
| nutuk | principality | Tsaidam proper is divided into five principalities, or nutuk | |
| nyer-wa | housekeeper, manager, commercial agent, treasurer | ||
| obo | stone cairn | top of the pass, marked by the usual obo | |
| olbok | thick mattress | ||
| om | letter “A” on it, which is the Bön-po counterpart of om | ||
| papaha | large fur cap | papaha used by Siberian Cossacks | |
| pashmina | beautiful pashmina shawls | ||
| patra | monastic bowl | ||
| pei-lu | oasis | oases or pei-lu along the northern route | |
| phalara | harness ornament | Kozlov plaque served as a phalara | |
| place d’armes | gigantic place d’armes | фр. плац | |
| poram | barley sugar | ||
| puru | Tibetan cloth | ||
| phyag-rdor | frequency of the name phyag-rdor in Bön texts | ||
| phyi-lings | foreigner | ||
| qishlaq | winter quarters | covered by Kirghiz qishlaq | |
| raja | local raja | ||
| rajakumara | royal prince | costume of a rajakumara | |
| rap-cham-pa | a degrees in divinity | Tib. rab-‘byams-pa, см. lha-ram-pa | |
| regime | many supporters of the old regime in Mongolia | фр. строй, режим | |
| rgyud | Tantric worship, tantra | tantra, which seems to stand for the Buddhist mdo or sutra | Tib. |
| ri-tö | hermitage | Several famed Bön monasteries and hermitages or ri-tö | ri-khrod |
| rishi | visit of the rishi Asita to the newly born Bodhisattva | ||
| rnam-thar | legendary history | heroic songs and some rnam-thar or legendary history | |
| rü-jyen | bone ornaments | Tib. rus-rgyan | |
| ru-pön | major | Tibetan officer with the rank of a ru-pön | ru-dpon |
| sa-du | “earth poison” | sa-gdug | |
| sa-sung mag-mi | local militia | sa-srung dmag-mi | |
| sahibs | in the hope of receiving something from the sahibs | ||
| saksaul | called dzak by the Mongols | Haloxylon ammodendri | |
| salam | They all said “salam” and one even added “good morning.” | ||
| Samsara-cakra | Wheel of Life | ||
| sang | very large treasury | ||
| sar | value of one-third of the Kashgar sar | ||
| sha-ser | yellow hat | ||
| shag-pa | friend | см. shag-nye | |
| shag-nye | friend | см. shag-pa | |
| shakti | his shakti or yum is dark orange-yellow | ||
| shala | dead desert | plain unsuitable for cattle-breeding | |
| shaman | shaman woman, heard mysterious voices | ||
| shao-wei | lieutenant | military officer with the rank of shao-wei | |
| shap-den | low mattress | Tib. shabs-ldan | |
| she-ngo | non-commissioned officer | she-ngo of the Tibetan regular army | |
| serai | resthouse for trading caravan | ||
| shandzotba | supervisor of the large estates of the Hutukhtu | chän-dzö-pa, phyag-mdzod-pa | |
| shikara | |||
| shikari | chief | ||
| shing-ta | “wooden horse”, boat | Such boats are commonly called in Tibet shing-ta | |
| shiretu | Head Lama, abbot | ||
| shirik | coarse grass | kind of coarse grass that grows on the hummocks of the swamps of the Tibetan upland | |
| sho | we received sixteen shos and five karmas | ||
| sho-lang | heavy, slightly curved saber | ||
| shorka | tribal division | They form five shorka or tribal divisions | |
| siddha | |||
| sku-shok | abbot | sku-shok or Incarnate Lama of the monastery | |
| sMan-bla | Healing Buddha | temple in honor of the Healing Buddha. (Tib. sMan-bla) | |
| stan-lha | region of gods | three spheres of the Universe | |
| srung-wa | Buddhist talisman | ||
| stupa | shrine | rows of white stupas | mchod-rten |
| suburghan | син. stupa | ||
| sumun | squadron | ||
| sutra | tantra | tantra, which seems to stand for the Buddhist mdo or sutra | mdo, rgyud |
| t’ung-ch’ang | metal worker | ||
| t’ung-shih | official, interpreter | ||
| taels | different Chinese taels, and banknotes | ||
| taklamanchis | treasure seekers | treasure seekers in the sands of the Taklamakan Desert | |
| tamasha | theatrical entertainment | another group of actors entertained us with a tamasha | |
| tamgha | state seal | ||
| Tänjür | Känjür and Tänjür of the Narthang print | ||
| Tao-yin | Governor | Governor or Tao-yin of Khotan | |
| Tao-t’ai | Governor | Visits had to be paid to the Tao-t’ai or Governor | |
| Tathagatas | brass images of the thousand Tathagatas | ||
| teiji | noble | Chinese t’ai-chih | |
| telega | Russian fourwheeled carriage | ||
| terma | silk | ||
| thang-ka | religious banner | ||
| Ti-t’ai | Ma Fu-hsin, the murdered Ti-t’ai of Kashgar | ||
| ti-yig | guides to the performance of various rites | ‘khrid-yig | |
| toghraks | desert poplars | dusty lanes lined with toghraks | |
| tong-dre | demon | ||
| tong-pön | mobilize one thousand mounted militia under a tong-pön | ||
| torma | offerings | ceremony of burning the torma or offerings to the spirits | |
| tra-lo | former lama | “one who has returned his monastic vows” | |
| trang-kas | |||
| tsai-feng | Chinese tailors | ||
| tsam-pa | parched barley flour | ||
| tse-bum | amrita vase | ||
| tse-drung | rank | the rank of tse-drung, given usually only to celibate monks | |
| tshan-nyid | higher metaphysics of Buddhism | mtshan-ñid, abhidharma | |
| tshok-chin | assembly hall of the monastic congregation | Tib. tshogs-chen | |
| Tshok-chin Gebkö | Provost Marshal of the assembly hall | ||
| Tshong-du | National Assembly | ||
| tshong-pön | merchant | ||
| tsi-khang | Tibetan treasury for Tibetans | см. barun-sang | |
| tsi-pön | government agents supervisor in Mongolia | rtsi-dpon | |
| tukhrik | |||
| tuya | thick bushes of tuya | ||
| tung-ling | officer | tung-ling, officer commanding the Khotan garrison | |
| udumbara | monastic bowl, with the udumbara flower emerging from it | ||
| ula | relay system | ||
| umdze | assistant | abbot and his assistant or umdze | |
| urtön | relay station | ||
| uzbek | young uzbek from Samarkand | ||
| vajra | lama wore a fur cap surmounted by a golden vajra | см. dorje | |
| via | return to India via the Sanju Pass | фр. с помощью, через | |
| vice versa | transfer Buddhist symbols to a Bön-po painting and vice versa | фр. наоборот | |
| vihara | small Buddhist vihara | ||
| ya-yeh | messenger | син. darogha | |
| yamen | inner gate of the yamen | ||
| yaghtan | wooden box covered with leather | we were busily occupied packing our yaghtans | |
| yi-dam | principal or titulary deities of the Yellow sect | ||
| Yik-tshang | Ministry of Court | ||
| yu-pön | yu-pön | ||
| yul-lha | countryside god | ||
| yulduz | summer pasture lands | ||
| yum | his shakti or yum is dark orange-yellow | ||
| yurta | felt tent | I do not think that the yurta motive is suited for buildings | |
| zi-beads | necklaces of the so-called zi-beads |